wrist sprains: INformation

The wrist is the flexible link between the forearm and fingers. It is a complex joint composed of two rows of carpal bones which articulate with the lower end of the ulnar and radius of the forearm

Tendons travel down from the elbow and forearm and cross over the wrist to insert onto the fingers, hand and thumb. They do not insert on the bones of the wrist and thus stability of the wrist is largely down to the intricate ligamentous support

The wrist joint is therefore very vulnerable to injury. In the case of falling onto an outstretched hand, the wrist is forced into positions which can tear or stretch the ligamentous support between the carpal bones. This is turn leads to pain, swelling and loss of movement.

As with any ligamentous injury, it is important to ascertain the extent of the injury. With the case of the wrist, the lack of stability will also exert greater stress through the bones of the wrist thus making them more vulnerable to fracture.

Wrist sprains can be classified according to the severity of the injury as below:

• Grade 1, or mild, sprains: These occur when the ligaments are stretched, but not torn.
• Grade 2, or moderate, sprains: These occur when some of the ligaments are torn. Grade 2 sprains may involve some loss of function.
• Grade 3, or severe, sprains: These occur when the ligament is completely torn. These are significant injuries that may require a surgical opinion.

Treatment options for Wrist sprains:

In the absence of a fracture, early stages of treatment for wrist sprains focuses on reducing the inflammation at the site of injury and also protecting the joint from further injury. This can be done using the basic RICE protocol (rest, ice, compress and elevate).

Once the injury is starting to settle down, most treatment will focus on improving the range of motion of the wrist joint, reducing localised muscle spasm and giving rehabilitative exercises. The recovery time is dependant on the grade of injury that has been sustained.

If you would like any further advice regarding wrist sprains, please contact us at the EC2 clinic